Carbon dioxide is a major respiration product of plants and animals and a decomposition product of organic matter and certain minerals. The atmosphere averages about 0.04 vol % of CO2. Surface waters generally contain less than 10 mg/L, except at local points of abnormal organic or mineral decomposition; however, underground water, particularly deep waters, may contain several hundred mg/L. When dissolved in water, CO2 contributes significantly to corrosion of water-handling systems. This is particularly troublesome in steam condensate systems. Loss of CO2 from an aqueous system can disturb the carbonate equilibrium and result in calcite encrustation of confining surfaces. Scaling of water heaters is a good example. Because of the delicate balance between corrosion and encrustation tendencies, much care must be given to control of CO2 and related species in water systems. Recarbonation of municipal supplies during final stages of softening and amine neutralization of steam condensate are applied for these purposes. 1. Scope 1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of total or dissolved carbon dioxide present as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion in water Range: Sections Test Method A (Gas Sensing Electrode): 2 to 800 mg/L: 8 to 15 Test Method B (CO2 Evolution, Coulometric Titration): 5 to 800 mg/L: 16 to 24 1.2 Carbon dioxide may also be detected from carbonates present in particulates in samples. 1.3 Test Method A is applicable to various natural waters and brines. 1.4 Test Method B is applicable to natural waters, brines, and various industrial waters as delineated in 16.4. 1.5 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods on waters of untested matrices. 1.6 Several test methods were discontinued from this standard in 1988. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately) ASTM Standards D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam D1129 Terminology Relating to Water D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits D1193 Specification for Reagent Water D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis E200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Storage of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical Analysis Index Terms carbon dioxide (CO2); coulometry; gas-sensing electrode; Bicarbonate ion content; Carbonate content; Carbon dioxide content; Carbonic acid; Dissolved elements (of water); Inorganic compounds--water; Seawater (natural/synthetic) ICS Code ICS Number Code 13.060.50 (Examination of water for chemical substances) DOI: 10.1520/D0513-11E01 ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.

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